Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2023.153
Publication date: 30th March 2023
The recent achievement of certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 25% in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) highlights their potential in cheap and efficient energy harvesting.[1] While these impressive results have been obtained using spin-coating on small sample sizes (<1cm2), the development of large-scale deposition techniques that are compatible with industrial processes is essential to bring PSCs closer to commercialization.
This study focuses on the slot-die coating method as a deposition technique for perovskite. This method allows for large-scale perovskite deposition with exceptional control over film uniformity, while minimizing material waste. Crystallization is a critical step during the evaporation of the deposited wet film, and various drying methods, such as vacuum drying or N2-blade quenching, are employed to achieve the desired surface morphology and layer quality. This investigation focuses on a sequential slot-die deposition method, which involves depositing a lead iodide intermediate phase followed by conversion to perovskite using a second slot-die coating step. The perovskite film quality is analyzed using hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging techniques as well as STEM experiments to probe the elemental composition in the device cross-section.[2]
Furthermore, chemical bath deposition (CBD) is discussed as a simple and cost-effective technique for the large-scale deposition of tin oxide (SnO2) as an electron extraction layer. Optimization of the CBD solution, deposition conditions, and number of CBD cycles allows for the uniform and reproducible deposition of SnO2.[3] The combination of CBD SnO2 with slot-die coated perovskite has led to the fabrication of perovskite devices (0.09cm2) with over 20% PCE and mini-modules (40cm2) with PCEs of up to 17% (18% on active area). In addition, the latest results on 64 cm2 modules will be presented as well as strategies for going to even larger sample sizes involving fully up-scalable device architectures.
This project is supported by the French Government in the frame of the program of investment for the future (Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir - ANR-IEED-002-01).
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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