Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2023.145
Publication date: 30th March 2023
Solution-processed perovskite solar cells have very high efficiencies, but scaling up this technology requires re-thinking of the fabrication process to suit commercially viable printing techniques. Here, we focus on the slot-die coating technique and develop an anti-solvent treatment process which achieves high quality perovskite films by utilising in-situ optical spectroscopy analysis. Photoluminescence (PL) and transmittance spectroscopy probes were customised to monitor the changes in perovskite crystallisation during and after coating. Using methylammonium lead iodide as a proof of concept material, we investigated several antisolvents with different miscibility to the host solvents and observed, from the PL kinetic analysis that diethyl ether was the slowest acting antisolvent and produced the highest PL peak intensity from intermediate perovskite phases. In-situ transmittance data enabled the analysis of perovskite crystallisation after the transfer of the film to the hot plate, and also showed diethyl ether is the slowest acting solvent. The PL peak position and intensity before transferring the film to the hot plate were found to be the most important parameters in optimising the final perovskite film quality. Electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction confirmed that the highest quality crystals and crystal coverage is achieved by the diethyl ether antisolvent bath.
Using the optimised antisolvent treatment, devices were made from ITO substrate, SnO2 (slot die coating), MAPbI3 (slot die coating), PTAA (spin coating) and gold (thermal evaporation), all in ambient conditions. The champion device showed near 18% power conversion efficiency. These results demonstrate the clear potential of implementing the antisolvent bath treatment in the printing of large area high quality perovskite films. They also demonstrate that in-situ optical analysis is very effective in optimising the deposition processes in the fabrication of large area devices, which can benefit industrial operations.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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