Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
Publication date: 30th March 2023
Formamidinium lead triioide (FAPbI3) based PSCs have widely employed as highly efficient PSCs that report record-efficiencies. However, FAPbI3 perovskite undergoes phase transition from α-FAPbI3 perovskite into the undesired wide-bandgap δ-FAPbI3 perovskite at room temperature under ambient conditions. Hence, many efforts have made to improve their phase stability by mixing several A-cations and anions. Nevertheless, those mixed halide hybrid perovskites still suffer from low thermal stability and photo-induced phase segregation. In this regard, adding methylammonium chloride (MACl) in the precursor solution have drawn significant attention. Numerous studies have reported on beneficial effects of adding MACl as an additive. However, the better understanding on the effect of MACl is required, since the considerable amount of MA+ has reported to be eliminated during the annealing process. In this work, we explored the different properties of dark grains (grains with relatively lower CPD) and grain boundaries with different amount of MACl in FAPbI3 perovksite by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), which enables FAPbI3 with high efficiency and improved stability.