Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
Publication date: 30th March 2023
Over the last few years, SnO2 has become the most popular electron transport layer (ETL) in n-i-p perovskite solar cells. Power conversion efficiencies of more than 25 % have been achieved. SnO2-based ETLs are attractive because of their low cost, low processing temperature (< 200 C), good optical properties and wide bandgap (3.6 eV). The origin of high performance of SnO2 is surprising, considering that its conduction band edge is well below that of TiO2 by about 0.3 eV.
We performed time-resolved photovoltage measurements that showed slow photovoltage rise and decay. A biphasic characteristic was found, where about half the voltage changes on the millisecond timescale and the rest on the second time scale. The slow process suggests that ion electrosorption and / or intercalation processes take place at the SnO2 / perovskite interface. We propose that these processes align the energy levels of SnO2 with that of the perovskite.
In addition, we will discuss the scalable deposition of SnO2 layers by slot-die coating of water-based colloidal solution.
We thank the DIAMOND project (EU Horizon no. 101084124) and the STandUP for Energy program for funding.