Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
Publication date: 30th March 2023
While solar cell and light-emitting devices based on halide perovskite materials have become significantly more efficient over the past decade [Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart, NREL], much of this progress has been the result of empirical optimisation of fabrication procedures. By comparison to these efficiency improvements, the community’s understanding of halide perovskites from a materials science perspective lags behind. Recent reports have shown that strain plays an important role in determining device efficiency and long-term stability[1], but the precise mechanism by which strain affects the materials’ optoelectronic properties remains unclear.
In this talk, I will present our work investigating the internal nanoscale structure of the archetypical MAPbBr3 halide perovskite (MA = CH3NH3) using synchrotron-based Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) measurements[2]. This technique allows us to view the atomic displacement fields within perovskite materials in the form of real space crystal reconstructions (example given in TOC graphic) which we are able to use to identify 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 edge dislocations. BCDI allows us to view defects such as dislocations that are buried within samples too thick for electron microscopy, but that are also too small to be adequately characterised by X-ray nano-probe facilities. By using in situ measurements we also discover that these dislocations become significantly more mobile under illumination with visible light. These results give us insight into the buried nanoscale changes occurring in halide perovskite materials during device operation. Further, we intentionally study a subset of crystals that degrade under exposure to the X-ray beam, and by combining BCDI data with photoluminescence microscopy, we discover that dislocation formation is a key step in material (and therefore device) degradation.
K.W.P.O. acknowledges an EPSRC studentship. S.D.S. acknowledges the Royal Society and Tata Group (grant no. UF150033). The work has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION, grant agreement no. 756962). The authors acknowledge the EPSRC (EP/R023980/1, EP/S030638/1) for funding. The authors acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on Beamline I13-1 under proposal numbers MG25097-1, MG28495-1, and MG30308-1.
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