Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2022.174
Publication date: 20th April 2022
Mixed cation and mixed halide perovskites have led to the most stable solar cells reported, so far mostly prepared by solution-processing. This might be due to the technical difficulties associated with the vacuum deposition from multiple thermal sources, requiring a high level of control over the deposition rate of each precursor during the film formation. Here we present multi-component materials obtained by using multiple sources (up to 4) thermal vacuum deposition. Different stoichiometries are studied, varying the A-site cations (methylammonium, formamidinium and cesium), as well as mixed halide systems. Mixed iodide-bromide perovskites with bandgap up to 1.8 eV were prepared, as they are ideal as front cell in perovskite-perovskite tandem devices. Also, we showed the preparation of narrow bandgap FAPbI3, demonstrating the importance of obtaining phase purity in the fabrication of efficient solar cells. We highlight the importance of the control over the film morphology and composition, which differs substantially when these compounds are vacuum processed. Finally, we demonstrate the vacuum-deposition of triple- and quadruple-cation perovskites, with the aim of obtaining efficient as well as stable perovskite formulations. Avenues to improve the stability and to maximize the open circuit voltage using additives and/or novel charge transport layers will also be discussed.