Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2022.147
Publication date: 20th April 2022
Thermal evaporation is a promising deposition technique to scale up perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to large areas, but the lack of understanding of mechanisms that lead to high quality, thermally evaporated methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) films give rise to devices with lower efficiencies than those obtained by spin coating. This work investigates the crystalline properties of MAPbI3 deposited by thermal coevaporation of PbI2 and MAI, where the MAI deposition rate is controlled by setting different temperatures for the MAI source with a constant PbI2 deposition rate. Using grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) we identify the formation of a secondary phase – identified as orthorhombic MAPbI3 at MAI source temperatures below 155 °C. We find that the formation of this phase is limiting for the performance of PSCs and that the secondary phase formation can be suppressed using MAI source temperatures above 155 °C, which brings the film towards a pure tetragonal phase. Conversely, evaporating MAI at high temperatures results in films with low crystallinity. We show that forming the orthorhombic phase is possible by controlling the temperature we use during the evaporation process and that this phase is detrimental to solar cell performance in MAPbI3 perovskites. Control of the phases during perovskite evaporation is therefore crucial to obtain high-performance solar cells.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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