Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV22)
Publication date: 20th April 2022
Organic solar cells based on ternary active layers can lead to higher power conversion efficiencies than corresponding binaries, and improved stability. The parameter space for optimization of multicomponent systems is considerably more complex than that of binaries, due to both, a larger number of parameters (e.g., two relative compositions rather than one) and intricate morphology–property correlations. Most experimental reports to date reasonably limit themselves to a relatively narrow subset of compositions (e.g., the 1:1 donor/s:acceptor/s trajectory). This work advances a methodology that allows exploration of a large fraction of the ternary phase space employing only a few (<10) samples. Each sample is produced by a designed sequential deposition of the constituent inks, and results in compositions gradients with ≈10000 points/sample that cover about 15%–25% of the phase space, with the capability of modifying the covered zone with simple changes in deposition parameters. These effective ternary libraries are then colocally imaged by a combination of photovoltaic techniques (laser and Solar Simulator light photocurrent maps) and spectroscopic techniques (Raman, photoluminescence, absorption). The generality of the methodology is demonstrated by investigating multiple ternary systems, like PBDB-T:ITIC:PC70BM, PM6:Y6:PC70BM, and P3HT:O-IDFBR:O-IDTBR. Complex performance-structure landscapes through the ternary diagram as well as the emergence of several performance maxima are discovered.