Proceedings of 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV21)
Publication date: 11th May 2021
Perovskite Solar Modules (PSMs) are attracting the photovoltaic market showing low manufacturing costs and process versatility. The upscaling of perovskite solar cells is one of the challenges that must be addressed to pave the way toward the commercial development of this technology. As for other thin-film photovoltaic technologies, upscaling requires the fabrication of modules composed of series-connected cells. The use of flexible substrates gives the possibility to explore new applications and could further increase the production throughput. However, the current state of art of Flexible Perovskite Solar Modules (FPSMs) does not show any data on light soaking stability, revealing that the scientific community is still far from the potential marketing of the product. In this work, we demonstrate, the use of double-cation perovskite (forsaking the unstable methylammonium (MA) cation) by employing potassium-doped graphene oxide (GO-K) as an interlayer, between the mesoporous TiO2 and the perovskite layer and using infrared annealing (IRA). We upscaled the device active area from 0.09 to 16 cm2 by blade coating the perovskite layer, exhibiting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.3 and 16.10% for 0.1 and 16 cm2 active area devices, respectively. We demonstrated how the efficiency and stability of MA-free-based perovskite deposition by blade coating have been improved by employing GO-K and IRA. We further demonstrate on inverted structure using flexible substrate, a light stability of FPSMs over 1000 hours considering the recovering time (T80=730 h), exhibiting a PCE of 10.51% over 15.7cm2 active area obtained with scalable processes by exploiting blade deposition of PTAA in air and stable Double Cation Perovskite (CsFA) absorber. We finally conclude our work by demonstrating the interconnection of inverted modules with NiOx using a UV ns laser, obtaining a 10.2 cm2 minimodule with a 15.9% efficiency on the active area, the highest for a NiOx based perovskite module. The results are implemented in a complete electrical simulation of the cell-to-module losses to evaluate the experimental results and to provide an outlook on further development of single junction and multijunction perovskite modules.
We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Italian Ministry of Economic Development in the framework of the Operating Agreement with ENEA for Research on the Electric System, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Program for funding Research and Innovation under grant agreements no. 764787 (MAESTRO), no. 764047 (ESPRESSO), and N. GrapheneCore3 881603. F.U.K. thanks the Jardine Foundation and Cambridge Trust for a doctoral scholarship. K.W. acknowledges the financial support from the Foundation of Polish Science (First TEAM/2017-3/30). This publication reflects only the author’s views, and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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