Proceedings of 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV21)
Publication date: 11th May 2021
In the last decade, perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology showed an efficiency improvement approaching the Si record [1,2]. The low-cost perspective of PSCs is achievable only if scalable and reliable processes in manufacturing conditions, such as pilot line or plant factory, are designed and optimized for the full device stack [3–5]. In literature, no reports have been presented for scaling up to module size the efficient and stable CsMAFA perovskite [6] with scalable coating technique in ambient condition. Here, a full semi-automatic scalable process based on the blade coating technique is demonstrated to fabricate the full perovskite solar modules (PSMs) n-i-p stack in real fabrication conditions [7]. The triple cation CsMAFA perovskite is deposited with a double step process assisted by air quenching and green anti-solvent. The developed material formulation and coating procedure allow the fabrication of several highly reproducible small area cells on a module size substrate with an efficiency exceeding 17%. Corresponding reproducible modules with a 90% geometrical fill factor, achieved a champion efficiency of 16.1% and a T80=750 h in light soaking condition at MPP and RT/ambient thanks to the low defect density of the coated layers. The properties and the homogeneity of the film depositions are assessed by different characterization techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, profilometry, UV-vis and Photo-luminescence spectroscopy, Photo- and Electro-luminescence imaging. The last two techniques confirmed fewer defects and local coating variations of the ambient air/bladed devices with respect to the reference procedure based on the spin-coating technique in glovebox and ambient air. Finally, this work provides a scalable and industry-compatible route to realize efficient and stable triple cation perovskite solar modules in real ambient conditions.
The authors were supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Program for funding Research and Innovation under grant agreement no. 764047 (ESPResSo). The authors acknowledge the project UNIQUE, supported under the umbrella of SOLAR-ERA.NET_cofund by ANR, PtJ, MUR (GA 775970), MINECOAEI, SWEA, within the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (Cofund ERANET Action, No. 691664) Dr. L. Vesce sincerely thanks Dr. Ilaria Farina (IRCCS, Rome, Italy) for interesting discussions about the accuracy of the database search string. The authors would like to thank Jutta Zielonka (Fraunhofer ISE) for performing electron microscopy.
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