Combining Modulated Techniques for the Analysis of Photosensitive Devices

Agustin O. Alvarez^a, Sandheep Ravishankar^b, Francisco Fabregat-Santiago^a

^aInstitute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain

^bIEK-5 Photovoltaics, Forschungzentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV21)

Online, Spain, 2021 May 24th - 28th

Organizers: Marina Freitag, Feng Gao and Sam Stranks

Invited Speaker Session, Agustin O. Alvarez, presentation 066
Publication date: 11th May 2021

Impedance (IS), intensity-modulated photocurrent (IMPS) and photovoltage (IMVS) spectroscopies have been used extensively to characterize the operating mechanisms of photosensitive devices.[1, 2] These three techniques are normally used independently, their connection and interpretation are still under discussion.[3, 4] The responses obtained with IS are generally analyzed through the modeling of the internal electronic mechanism using an equivalent circuit (EC), the selection of which is often difficult since many EC may provide the same electrical response.[5] On the other hand, the analysis of the spectra obtained with IMPS and IMVS are commonly limited to the electronic characteristic times of the devices.[6-8] In this talk, we present a procedure that allows the simultaneous analysis of these three spectroscopic techniques (IS, IMPS and IMVS), as well as the identification of the more appropriate EC for a photosensitive device. In the particular case of a silicon photodiode, by using this procedure, we expose that the experimental spectra obtained with the three techniques can be correlated with the same EC. Furthermore, parameters inaccessible from IS are obtained, such as the separation efficiency, external and internal quantum efficiency. The application of these results in different photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices will allow more precise identification and quantification of their operating mechanisms.

References:

[1] Bertoluzzi, L.; Bisquert, J., Investigating the consistency of models for water splitting systems by light and voltage modulated techniques. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8 (1), 172-180.

[2] Klotz, D.; Ellis, D. S.; Dotan, H.; Rothschild, A., Empirical in operando analysis of the charge carrier dynamics in hematite photoanodes by PEIS, IMPS and IMVS. PCCP 2016, 18 (34), 23438-23457.

[3] Almora, O.; Miravet, D.; Matt, G. J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Brabec, C. J., Analytical model for light modulating impedance spectroscopy (LIMIS) in all-solid-state pn junction solar cells at open-circuit. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2020, 116 (1), 013901.

[4] Pockett, A.; Spence, M.; Thomas, S. K.; Raptis, D.; Watson, T.; Carnie, M. J., Beyond the First Quadrant: Origin of the High Frequency Intensity‐Modulated Photocurrent/Photovoltage Spectroscopy Response of Perovskite Solar Cells. Sol. RRL 2021, 2100159.

[5] Bisquert, J.; Giménez, S.; Bertoluzzi, L.; Herraiz-Cardona, I., Analysis of Photoelectrochemical Systems by Impedance Spectroscopy. In Photoelectrochemical Solar Fuel Production, Giménez, S.; Bisquert, J., Eds. Springer: Cham, 2016; pp 281-321.

[6] Ponomarev, E.; Peter, L., A generalized theory of intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS). J. Electroanal. Chem. 1995, 396 (1-2), 219-226.

[7] Peter, L. M., Energetics and kinetics of light-driven oxygen evolution at semiconductor electrodes: the example of hematite. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2013, 17 (2), 315-326.

[8] Riquelme, A.; Gálvez, F. E.; Contreras-Bernal, L.; Míguez, H.; Anta, J. A., Internal quantum efficiency and time signals from intensity-modulated photocurrent spectra of perovskite solar cells. J. Appl. Phys. 2020, 128 (13), 133103.

Acknowledgements:

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 MSCA Innovative Training Network under grant agreement No 764787. A.O.A. and S.F.F. want to acknowledge Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) from Spain under the project, ENE2017-85087-C3-1-R. S.R. acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz association via the project PEROSEED.

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