Stability of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells: From Built-in Potential and Interfacial Passivation Perspectives
YIWEN WANG a
a Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Materials Science, United Kingdom
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV21)
Online, Spain, 2021 May 24th - 28th
Organizers: Marina Freitag, Feng Gao and Sam Stranks
Oral, YIWEN WANG, presentation 058
Publication date: 11th May 2021

We report our effort to understand the stability of nonfullerene OSCs, made with the binary blend poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’-c:4’,5’-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-T) : 3,9- bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)- dithieno[2,3-d:2’,3’-d’]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b’] dithiophene (ITIC) system. It shows that a continuous vertical phase separation process occurred, forming a PBDB-T-rich top surface and an ITIC-rich bottom surface in PBDB-T:ITIC BHJ during the aging period. It is found that a gradual decrease in the built-in potential (V0) in the regular configuration PBDB-T:ITIC OSCs, due to the interfacial reaction between the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)- poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transporting layer (HTL) and ITIC acceptor, is one of the reasons responsible for the performance deterioration. Retaining a stable and high V0 across the BHJ via interfacial modification and device engineering, e.g., as seen in the inverted PBDB-T:ITIC OSCs, is a prerequisite for efficient and stable operation of the nonfullerene OSCs.[1]

The stable built-in potential in the OSCs is realized through suppression of the interfacial reaction between the BHJ and PEDOT:PSS HTL. The impact of interfacial modification, molybdenum oxide (MoO3) induced oxidation doping of the PEDOT:PSS HTL, on the operational stability of poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’-c:4’,5’-c’] dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PM6) : 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6,7-difluoro)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2’,3’-d’]-s-indaceno [1,2-b:5,6-b’]dithiophene (IT-4F) nonfullerene OSCs has been analyzed. We found that the MoO3-induced oxidation doping in PEDOT:PSS can effectively suppress the interfacial chemical reactions between IT-4F and PEDOT:PSS, a recently identified major degradation mechanism in NFA with 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile moieties-based OSCs. Our findings highlight the importance of retaining high built-in potential to mitigate any associated degradation mechanisms, to accompany the rapid advance in the molecular synthesis of NFAs, toward enhanced operational stability of NFA-based OSCs.[2]

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