Proceedings of 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV21)
Publication date: 11th May 2021
Recently, perovskite solar cells have gained significant interest as an alternative photovoltaic technology due to an impressive power conversion efficiency raise of up to 25% in the last decades. However, the commercialization of perovskite solar cells is hampered by environmental concerns due to the toxicity of the used lead. Hence, there is a high interest to substitute the lead by less toxic elements. Tin is a promising candidate, since it has similar electronic properties as lead and so can be easily replaced in the ABX3 perovskite structure. But tin perovskite solar cells are known for their fast degradation in ambient atmosphere, due to the oxidation of tin from Sn2+ to Sn4+. A way to reduce toxicity and retard oxidation is to replace lead partly by tin to form tin-lead mixed perovskite solar cells. [1]–[4] Beside reduced toxicity, those perovskite solar cells are also beneficial for the bottom cell in tandem devices due to their low bandgap of around 1.2 eV. [4]
However, many publications about these mixed perovskites report on methylammonium (MA) containing perovskites and/or on PEDOT:PSS as hole transport layer (HTL) [5], although both should be detrimental for long-term stability of the cell stack.
Hence, we present a strategy to replace PEDOT:PSS by PTAA in MA-free devices. First, PEDOT:PSS can be easily replaced by PTAA with similar solar cell performance for a reference with a MA-containing perovskite of the composition FA0.75MA0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 (12.8 % vs. 10.5 %), respectively. Second, comparable solar cell efficiencies of 12.0 % could also be achieved for MA-free FA0.915Cs0.085Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 on PEDOT:PSS. However, combining PTAA with the MA-free perovskite revealed a strong S-shape solar cell performance (2.7%). This was thought to be due to an energetic barrier at the PTAA/perovskite interface. Increasing the Cs to FA ratio in the perovskite composition reduces the s-shape which is expected to be due to a decreased valence band, but constant band-gaps of around 1.26 eV, and thus a better band alignment. By this a solar cell efficiency of 9.8 % for the perovskite composition FA0.65Cs0.35Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 could be achieved.
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