Transparent Quasi-Interdigitated Electrodes for Semitransparent Perovskite Back-Contact Solar Cells

Askhat Jumabekov^a^,^b, Giovanni DeLuca^c^,^b, Yinghong Hu^d^,^b, Gede Adhyaksa^e

^aDepartment of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan

^bCSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Australia, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia, Clayton, Australia

^cSchool of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, US, Georgia 30332-0400, United States

^dUniversity of Munich (LMU), Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), 81377 Múnich, Alemania, Múnich, Germany

^eCenter for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, The Netherlands, Science Park, 104, Amsterdam, Netherlands

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV19)

Roma, Italy, 2020 May 12th - 14th

Organizers: Prashant Kamat, Filippo De Angelis and Aldo Di Carlo

Poster, Askhat Jumabekov, 080
Publication date: 6th February 2020

Recently, back-contact electrodes have been used to make perovskite-based optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and photodetectors.^1-3 A typical back-contact electrode is an array of anode and cathode fingers arranged in an interdigitate fashion on a substrate. In perovskite solar cells with back-contact electrodes, the best device performances have been obtained using so-called quasi-interdigitated electrodes (QIDEs).⁴ The architectural difference of these electrodes from the typical interdigitated electrodes is that, one-half of the interdigitated electrode fingers (e.g. anode) is deposited over the continuous layer of the other electrode (e.g. cathode) and separated by a thin layer of insulator.

The top contacts of the-state-of-the-art QIDEs are currently composed of opaque Al|NiCo fingers, which are strong absorbers/reflectors of incident light, preventing their use in semitransparent PSCs or as the top electrode in tandem perovskite-silicon solar cells.^4,5 Therefore, for QIDEs to reach their full potential, the top electrode must be replaced with a transparent conductor. In this work we report the first transparent quasi-interdigitated electrodes (t-QIDEs) based on indium tin oxide (ITO), which has a high carrier concentration, low sheet resistance, and most importantly, higher optical transmittance (>85% in visible wavelengths) than Al|NiCo. t-QIDEs were produced by replacing the opaque components of existing QIDEs with ITO. Furthermore, we demonstrate the first operational semitransparent back-contact perovskite solar cell. A device with a V_OC of 0.88 V and a J_SC of 5.6 mA cm⁻² produced a modest 1.7% efficiency. The use of ITO allows for illumination of the device from front and rear sides, resembling a bifacial solar cell, both of which yield comparable efficiencies. Coupled optoelectronic simulations reveal this architecture may achieve power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.5% and 13.3% when illuminated from the front and rear side, respectively, using a realistic quality of perovskite material.

References:

[1] Xiao, Z.; Yuan, Y.; Shao, Y.; Wang, Q.; Dong, Q.; Bi, C.; Sharma, P.; Gruverman A.; Huang, J. Giant switchable photovoltaic effect in organometal trihalide perovskite devices. Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 193-198.

[2] Saidaminov, M.I.; Adinolfi, V.; Comin, R.; Abdelhady, A.L.; Peng, W.; Dursun, I.; Yuan, M.; Hoogland, S.; Sargent E.H.; Bakr, O.M. Planar-integrated single-crystalline perovskite photodetectors. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 8724.

[3] Pazos-Outón, L.M.; Szumilo, M.; Lamboll, R.; Richter, J.M.; Crespo-Quesada, M.; Abdi-Jalebi, M.; Beeson, H.J.; Vrućinić, M.; Alsari, M.; Snaith, H.J.; Ehrler, B.; Friend, R.H.; Deschler, F. Photon recycling in lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Science 2016, 2016 1430-1433.

[4] Jumabekov, A.; Della Gaspera, E.; Xu, Z.-Q.; Chesman, A.; Van Embden, J.; Bonke, S.; Bao, Q.; Vak, D.; Bach, U. Back-Contacted Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. J. Mater. Chem. C 2016, 4), 3125-3130.

[5] Hou, Q.; Bacal, D.; Jumabekov, A.N.; Li, W.; Wang, Z.; Lin, X.; Ng, S.H.; Tan, B.; Bao, Q.; Chesman, A.S.R.; Cheng, Y.-B.; Bach, U. Back-contact perovskite solar cells with honeycomb-like charge collecting electrodes. Nano Energy 2018, 50, 710–716.

Acknowledgements:

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF EAGER 1665279), Office of the Chief Executive Postdoctoral Fellowship (CSIRO Manufacturing), DFG Excellence Cluster “Nanosystems Initiative Munich” (NIM), the Center for NanoScience (CeNS), and the Bavarian Collaborative Research Program “Solar Technologies Go Hybrid” (SolTech).

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