Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2018.120
Publication date: 21st February 2018
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a frequently used as hole transport layer in planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells. We show that processing of a metal halide perovskite layer on top of PEDOT:PSS via spin coating of a precursor solution chemically reduces the oxidation state of PEDOT:PSS. The partial reduction of PEDOT:PSS from the highly oxidized bipolaron state to the polaron state, reduces the work function of the PEDOT:PSS whereby the work function becomes equal to the ionization potential. This reduction in the work function of the PEDOT:PSS also reduces the work function of the perovskite layer that is positioned on top of it. As a consequence, the solar cells display inferior performance with a reduced open-circuit voltage and a reduced short-circuit current density. Additionally, the increase of current density with light intensity becomes more sublinear. The reduced PEDOT:PSS can be (partially) re-oxidized even by short (8 min.) exposure to oxygen during thermal annealing of the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite layer stak, restoring its functionality in the solar cell. Therefore, annealing the PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite stack in the presence of oxygen results in solar cells with increased open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and high efficiency. Additionally, we show that the bulk properties of the perovskite layer do not change by annealing in different atmospheres.
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