Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV18)
Publication date: 21st February 2018
The compact thin oxide blocking underlayer is an essential component of several n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this respect, the electrochemically deposited TiO2 underlayer is a viable alternative to the commonly encountered spray-pyrolysis underlayer, with the advantage of facile preparation, in the present case by electrooxidation in an aqueous electrolyte followed by sintering in air. In addition, there is a considerable flexibility in regulating its properties by adjusting the electrical parameters of the electrodeposition and the composition of the electrolyte bath. In the present contribution, the electrodeposition proceeds by applying a constant current on a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode dipped in an acidic TiCl3 solution. Upon oxidation of TiIII to TiIV under controlled pH in the range 2-3, an oxide precursor polymer layer is generated, which is converted to TiO2 upon sintering.
Ti3++H2O ⇄ (TiIIIOH)2++ H+
(TiIIIOH)2+→ TiIV-polymers+e¯
This layer was characterized a number of methodologies, including UV-VIS spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis (cyclic voltammetry), X.ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Mesoporous n-i-p PSCs incorporating an electrodeposited underlayer, the spiro-OMeTAD hole conductor and an Au counter electrode exhibited a sunlight-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency, under AM1.5 simulated sunlight, exceeding 20% with an open-circuit photovoltage of 1.1V, short-circuit current of 24mA/cm2 and fill factor of 0.78. This performance was compared to that of similarly constructed PSCs with a spray-pyrolysis underlayer. The same type of electrodeposited TiO2 layer was also used as an electron-conducting layer in planar perovskite cells; however, the efficiency was in the 15%-20% range. Further experiments continue toward developing electrodeposited oxide underlayers suitable for efficient and stable operation of several types of PSCs.
Reference
L.Kavan. B. O'Regan, Andreas Kay, and Michael Grätzel. Preparation of TiO, (anatase) films on electrodes by anodic oxidative hydrolysis of TiCl3, J. Electroanal. Chem. 346 (1993) 291-307.
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