Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
The tunability of the ABX perovskite structure using mixed ions has been key to achieving high photovoltaic efficiencies, for example FA1−xMaxPb(I1−yBry)3. The mixed cation, mixed halide structure enables optimization of the optical band gap of the material whilst maintaining impressive optoelectrical properties. However the effect of mixed ion perovskites structures on the stability has not been critically examined. Here we have investigated the degradation of methyl ammonium lead iodide/bromide (MAPIxBrx-3, x = 0…3) under controlled environmental conditions.
For MAPI, the two principal extrinsic degradation mechanisms that have been identified thus far involve sensitivity to humidity and exposure to light + oxygen. The degradation pathway by water vapor was investigated by monitoring films of varying I/Br ratio in an inert atmosphere with controlled humidity. Likewise, the light + oxygen degradation pathway was investigated in dry air and 1 sun equivalent conditions. Using image analysis and XRD we show higher bromine concentration can improve the stability of MAPIxBrx-3 under humid conditions, but a more complex effect is seen under light + oxygen. Compared to MAPI, MAPBr shows much improved material stability in light and oxygen but all mixed films start degrading at the same time. Superoxide analysis and morphological studies show no significance difference between MAPI and MAPBr, suggesting the increased intrinsic crystal stability of MAPBr is the reason for the improved stability seen.
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