Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
Hybrid organic / inorganic perovskite materials have attracted significant interest in the past years. Recently, increasing attention is given to the energetic alignment at interfaces to hole or electron transport materials deposited on top pf the perovskite.
However, little is known so far about the processes taking place at the substrate / perovskite interface, which plays a crucial role for film formation as well as charge carrier extraction.
Here, we present the investigation of the interface formation between the perovskite MAPbI3 and various substrate materials covering a wide range of work functions. The perovskite films are incrementally evaporated in situ while the electronic structure is evaluated using photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results show a deviation from the commonly assumed flat band condition; therefore, dipole formation and band bending dominate these interfaces. More importantly, measurements of film stoichiometry show a strong deviation from the expected film composition at the interface, which indicates that a variety of chemical interactions are taking place.
Thereby, we are able to show how the nature of the substrate not only changes the energetic alignment of the perovskite, but can hinder film formation and introduce gap states as well.