Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
Highly efficient CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite solar cell contains a significant amount of toxic organic-lead which limits large-scale use world-widely. For instance, the ROHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) directive announced by EU has regulated hazardous ingredients like lead content should not exceed 0.1% in electronic equipment. Therefore, how to comply with environmental regulations for perovskite solar cell has become an urgent topic.
In order to overcome this problem, we try our attempt to replace notorious lead with tin in perovskite crystal. In particular, we examine the synthetic route on the structure deformation as well as photovoltaic properties of lead-free perovskite. Firstly, we try one-step method to synthesize the lead-free perovskite. We found that the solvent plays an important role on the phase formation of lead-free perovskite. As a consequence, lead-free perovskite CsSnI3 can be obtained by using DMSO as the solvent in the precursor solution.
However, Sn2+ in CsSnI3 is easily oxidized to Sn4+ that it will destroy the structure of lead-free perovskite. Therefore, we add SnF2 to fill the vacancy of Sn2+. In this part, the effect of SnF2 addition is investigated and we found excess SnI2 addition forms uniform film of lead-free perovskite and is expected to have better photovoltaic properties on the lead-free perovskite solar cells.
We find that environment is the major factor of Sn2+ oxidized to Sn4+. If the lead-free perovskite sample is placed in an oxygen-free and anhydrous environment, and its absorbance can maintained 93.8% over a month. However, during the introduction of hole transport material (HTM), TBP which is a necessary additive in HTM drives Sn2+ oxidation and destroy the photovoltaic property of the resultant cell.
Unfortunately, we fail to report any photovoltaic data currently. Details of failure analysis is undergoing and technical issue of device fabrication is expected to be solved in near future.
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