Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
Lead- and tin-based perovskites are promising absorber materials for photovoltaic applications with efficiencies exceeding 20% and 6%, respectively. The main drawbacks of lead-based systems, however, are toxicity and instability under humid conditions, whereas tin-based materials face stability problems in ambient atmosphere due to oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV).[1] To circumvent these problems, alternative non-toxic perovskite materials are currently investigated based on the substitution of lead and tin with bismuth. Bismuth(III) halide perovskites with improved stability under ambient conditions and only low toxicity were obtained by incorporation of the trivalent Bi(III) ion as B-site cation in the perovskite structure instead of divalent Pb(II) or Sn(II) ions.[2] Because of these advantageous characteristics and optical bandgaps in the range of 2.0-2.4 eV, bismuth(III) halide perovskites are promising absorber materials for photovoltaic applications in particular for multi-junction solar cells.[2,3]
Hence, the focus of this contribution is on alternative low-temperature solution-processed hybrid organic-inorganic bismuth(III)-based halide perovskites with organic methyl ammonium (CH3NH3+) as A-site cation and halide (I-, Cl-) counter ions incorporated on the X-site of the perovskite structure. In this work, we compare the preparation of this material via a one-step and a two-step route[1,3] and evaluate the photovoltaic performance of the resulting absorber layers in the classical dye-sensitized solar cell structure (using compact and mesoporous TiO2) and in the organic PV-structure (sandwiched between poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, PEDOT:PSS and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, [70]PCBM). The bismuth(III) halide perovskites were characterized optically (UV/VIS spectroscopy, light microscopy), structurally (x-ray diffraction), morphologically (atomic force microscopy), and electronically with regard to their performance as absorber materials in solar cells.
References
[1] Hoye et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 2605-2610.
[2] Eckhardt et al., Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 3058-3060.
[3] Park et al., Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 6806-6813.
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