Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
While lead-based perovskite materials are within striking distance of the 25% efficiency achievable by record-setting crystalline silicon solar cells, there are concerns regarding the inherent toxicity and long-term stability of these materials. This work explores whether both of these issues can be simultaneously addressed by fabricating perovskite solar cells with mixed-metal compositions, where a portion of the Pb content has been replaced with a less-toxic metal species. Thermal degradation in photovoltaic performance was empirically assessed by testing devices constructed from perovskite films that had been heated to elevated temperatures in an inert atmosphere for various periods of time. We found that heating the pure Pb baseline devices for a few minutes dramatically reduces the efficiency, whereas certain mixed-metal compositions can resist performance degradation even after an hour of heat treatment. The resistance to thermal degradation improves as the molar fraction of this secondary metal species is increased, which indicates the species has an active role in improving thermal stability.
In addition to the performance trends, we present materials characterization data from absorbance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and x-ray diffraction, all of which confirm that this secondary metal species improves the resistance of the perovskite to material decomposition. While further experimentation is required to evaluate how secondary metal species would influence the thermal stability of perovskites constructed with other A-site cations or different synthesis techniques, this study presents encouraging evidence that altering the metal composition provides a pathway towards improving material longevity while simultaneously reducing toxicity.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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