Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
During the short time since their discovery, organic-inorganic halide perovskites have exploded in popularity as promising light harvesters for photovoltaic devices with published power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) now exceeding 21%. While the majority of research in the field employs fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass, the bulk associated with glass makes roll-to-roll upscaled production inherently difficult. Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) coated polymer substrates have also been investigated but suffer from mechanical fragility and uncertain materials costs as a result of indium’s volatile price. Metallic substrates offer a scalable, low-cost and robust alternative to such transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). Previous processing methods carried out on titanium metal foils as substrates produced efficiencies in excess of 10%, however such methods may not be applicable to lower-cost metals such as steels owing to detrimental surface oxidation from high temperature sintering treatments.
In this work, we present flexible perovskite solar cells using very low cost, commercially viable metallic substrates. By reducing processing temperatures, we are able to produce efficient devices on flexible metal foils including steel, nickel and zinc, which would otherwise be unavailable due to thermal oxidation. We examine the interaction between metal substrate, thermally evolved oxide and photovoltaic active layers using XPS in order to highlight the requirement for low temperature processing. In addition, we present relatively large active-area cells fabricated using scalable printing techniques which offer routes to the eventual commercialisation of such devices.