Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
Perovskite photovoltaics are proving to be very efficient devices and once stabilised will certainly challenge other established and upcoming energy production methods. With this in mind it is important to investigate methods for scaling devices into full sized modules as well as considering the processing environment required for manufacture. In laboratories, the electron collection/hole blocking TiO2 compact layer between the FTO substrate and perovskite is typically applied by spray pyrolysis of organic solvents at 550 °C or via spin coating and annealing of Ti-organo precursors; both of these methods are incompatible with R2R fabrication, which would be highly beneficial for commercial module manufacture. Other deposition methods such as CVD and ALD typically require vacuums (hence, high initial investments) and are often limited to batch processing.
Here we assess the use of inkjet printing for the deposition of a compact TiO2 layer and compare the properties of films produced by a Fujifilm DMP-2831 materials printer and traditional spray pyrolysis techniques. Our approach consists of using small (≈5 nm) anatase TiO2 nanoparticles[1] in the formulation of a novel aqueous precursor that can be deposited and dried at 120 °C. The precursor properties can be tuned by the addition of solvents enabling the formulation of a variety of inks for inkjet printing. The morphological features and semiconductor properties of these layers are compared to properties of films prepared by conventional spray pyrolysis; using a variety of analyses such as X-ray diffraction, SEM imaging, Raman and UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Compact layers printed via inkjet with TiO2 nanoparticles are found to be below 150 nm in thickness with an average surface roughness of 15-20 nm.
[1] Cecile Charbonneau, Peter J. Holliman, Matthew L. Davies, Trystan M. Watson, and David A. Worsley, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2015, 442, 110-119.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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