Revealing the Role of Anti-Solvent Through Real Time Observation under GIWAXS
Aram Amassian a, Rahim Munir a, Yufei Zhong a, Detlef M. Smilgies b, Ruipeng Li b
a Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
b Cornell University, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Wilson Laboratory Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, Ithaca, United States
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Swansea, United Kingdom, 2016 June 29th - July 1st
Organizers: James Durrant, Henry Snaith and David Worsley
Oral, Rahim Munir, presentation 076
Publication date: 28th March 2016

Organometallic lead halide Perovskite material have become a popular semiconductor for an eclectic spectrum of applications including solar cells, LED, transistors etc. Its processing holds a history of wide variety of routes including, blading, spin coating, spray and vacuum. In the route of spin coating, one branch goes towards the use of anti-solvent (like Chlorobenzene, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl ether etc.) during the deposition stage followed by thermal treatment of thin film. Multiple reports have shown brilliance of this process resulting in smooth films with pin hole free morphologies. High PV device performances have been reported through this process complimenting the need to study the details about the processing conditions. It is generally considered that dropping of anti-solvent nucleates perovskite and thermal annealing facilitates the crystal growth of perovskite. In my talk, I will reveal surprising results on the actual role of anti-solvent, with the impact of different substrates. Through in-situ spin coating and annealing under GIWAXS, we have captured this well-used process with the time scale of 0.4 seconds to make sure all the phases either stable or unstable can be sketched out. Results of GIWAXS were further confirmed through FTIR of as cast films and annealed films. This study has a potential to completely alter the way solution processing of perovskite, through anti-solvent, is understood today.



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