Combined vapour/solution deposition of perovskite thin-films for efficient solar cells

Svetlana Siprova^a, Attilio Golemme^a, Jacob Tse-Wei Wang^b, Henry J. Snaith^b

^aDipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, via Bucci, Rende, 87036, Italy

^bDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2015 (HOPV15)

Roma, Italy, 2015 May 11th - 13th

Organizer: Filippo De Angelis

Poster, Svetlana Siprova, 415
Publication date: 5th February 2015

In recent years, perovskite solar cells have drawn a lot of attention with their extraordinary properties demonstrated. There are many ways to deposit the perovskite layer, including one-step and two-step deposition from precursor solution¹, and vapour deposition². Among these methods, the two-step solution deposition has been shown as a promising method to get high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) with good reproducibility. But to deposit these solution-based perovskite precursors would limit the choices of bottom layer materials. The most common solvents currently being used are dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), both of which are highly polar aprotic solvents that dissolve most organic compounds, penetrate plastic substrates and make them swell. To prevent damage to the bottom layer or plastic substrates and achieve high performance devices with good surface coverage, vapour deposition was being introduced. However, this method needs an advanced dual-source evaporation system in a nitrogen-filled glovebox, which makes it less practical for research and could increase production costs². In this study, we have developed a new two-step vapour/solution deposition method of perovskite. By first depositing lead iodide by vapour deposition, followed by a solution based conversion method, we have achieved a PCE up to 14.6% in a flat heterojunction solar cell. It not only gives ultrasmooth perovskite layers, enables a wider selection of bottom materials to choose from, but also holds the promise of lower production costs than co-evaporation.
Current density-Voltage curve of the best performing flat heterojunction perovskite solar cell with the perovskite layer formed by two-step vapour/solution deposition method.
[1] a – You J., et al., Low-temperature solution-processed perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and flexibility. ACS Nano (2014), 8, 1674–1680. b - Eperon G. E., et al., Morphological control for high performance, solution-processed planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. (2014), 24, 151–157. c – Im J.-H., et al., Growth of CH3NH3PbI3 cuboids with controlled size for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Nature Nanotechnology (2014), 9, 927-932. d – Xiao Z., et al., Efficient, high yield perovskite photovoltaic devices grown by interdiffusion of solution-processed precursor stacking layers. Energy & Environmental Science (2014), 7, 2619-2623. [2] Liu M., et al., Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition. Nature (2013), 501, 395 – 398.

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