Porous and shape-anisotropic single crystals of the semiconductor perovskite CH3NH3PbI3

Sebastian Polarz^a, Lukas Schmidt-Mende^a, Dominik Gruber^a, Julia Gehring^a, Eugen Zimmermann^a, Tom Kollek^a

^aUniversity of Konstanz, Germany, Universitaetsstr. 10, POB M680, Konstanz, 78457, Germany

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2015 (HOPV15)

Roma, Italy, 2015 May 11th - 13th

Organizer: Filippo De Angelis

Oral, Tom Kollek, presentation 247
Publication date: 5th February 2015

The recent developments of metal-organic perovskites (MOP) is steering the progress made in current solar-cell research. Predominant due to superior properties like high absorption coefficients and simultaneous effective separation of photogenerated charges. Whereas, the efficiently conventional semiconductors materials used in solar-cell research is highly dependent on crystal quality and morphology, which is well known to have an influence on the material properties.^[1] Thus a controlled morphology on the nanoscale is desired and may significantly improve the properties of MOPs in well-defined nanostructures. However, their chemical sensitivity (e.g., towards hydrolysis) prohibits the application of methods already known for the synthesis of other nanomaterials.^[2]Here a novel synthesis approach is developed which resulted in the formation of various CH₃NH₃PbI₃ nanostructures from single-source precursors.^[3] Nanoporous MOP single crystals are obtained by a crystal-to-crystal transformation that is accompanied by spinodal demixing of the oligo-ethylene-glycole compound incorporated in the precursor structure. Further, selective binding of capping agents can be used to tune the particle shape of MOP nanocrystals, which produces materials with various aspect ratios, also showing a controlled self-assembling behavior of our materials (see Figure 1). At the same time, these particles still maintain the above-mentioned properties of MOPs for the application in optoelectronic devices.
Figure 1 Different MAPbI3 Morphologies, (a) scalebar = 2 micrometre, (b) scalebar = 400 nanometre and MAPI-4 (c) scalebar = 4 micrometre.
[1] Alivisatos, A. P. Semiconductor Clusters, Nanocrystals, and Quantum Dots. Science 1996, 271 , 933–937. [2] Niu, G.; Guo, X.; Wang, L. Review of Recent Progress in Chemical Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, Advance Article. [3] Kollek, T.; Gruber, D.; Gehring, J.; Zimmermann, E.; Schmidt-Mende, L.; Polarz, S. Porous and Shape-Anisotropic Single Crystals of the Semiconductor Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 from a Single-Source Precursor. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 1341–1346.

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