Highly efficient, flexible, indium-free perovskite solar cells employing metallic substrates

Joel Troughton^a, Matthew Carnie^a, David Worsley^a, Trystan Watson^a, Daniel Bryant^b, Konrad Wojciechowski^c, Henry Snaith^c

^aCollege of Engineering, Swansea University, UK, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom

^bPhotovoltaic and Optoelectronic Device Group, Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2015 (HOPV15)

Roma, Italy, 2015 May 11th - 13th

Organizer: Filippo De Angelis

Oral, Joel Troughton, presentation 229
Publication date: 5th February 2015

During the short time since their discovery,⁽¹⁾organometal halide perovskites have exploded in popularity as promising light harvesters for photovoltaic devices with published power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) now exceeding 18%.⁽²⁾However, the amount of work in literature pertaining to the scale-up of such devices remains limited, with the majority of research on the subject being performed using fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass as a substrate. Whilst this material provides excellent thermal and mechanical stability, the bulk associated with glass makes roll-to-roll production inherently difficult In this work, we present flexible perovskite solar cells using commercially viable titanium foil as a substrate. For the counter-electrode, we use a transparent, conductive adhesive coated laminate prepared ex-situ as demonstrated elsewhere.⁽³⁾ A schematic diagraph and photograph of such device may be seen in Figure 1. We report a power-conversion efficiency of 10.3% for a flexible, ITO-free perovskite solar cell using metal foil as a working electrode substrate. We explore the implications of various conductive interlayer thicknesses on device performance, both from a current-voltage and transient photovoltage perspective. We also examine the implications of thermally grown electron collection layers produced by heating the titanium substrate in air, as well as performance stability after repeated bend testing.
Figure 1. (Left) A schematic cross-section of the device structure, including the flexible, transparent, adhesive counter-electrode prepared ex-situ. (Right) A photograph of a flexible metal perovskite cell prepared using this method.
1) Kojima, A.; Teshima, K.; Shirai, Y.; Miyasaka, T. Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J Am Chem Soc.,2009, 131, (17), 6050-6051 2) Jeon, N. K.; Noh, J. H.; Yang, W. S.; Kim, Y. C.; Ryu, S.; Seo, J.; Seok, S. I. Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells. Nature, 2015 3) Bryant, D.; Greenwood, P,; Troughton, J.; Wijdekop, M.; Carnie, M.; Davies, M.; Wojciechowski, K.; Snaith, H. J.; Watson, T.; Worsley, D. A Transparent Conductive Adhesive Laminate Electrode for High-Efficiency Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells, 2014, 26, 7499-7504.

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