PbI2 nanoplates for Rapid Room Temperature Preparation of CH3NH3PbI3 in High Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

^a, Johannes Loeckinger^a, Timo Jäger^a, Patrick Reinhard^a, Thomas Feurer^a, Benjamin Bissig^a, Ayodhya Tiwari^a, Lukas Kranz^a, Stephan Buecheler^a, Fan Fu^a

^aEMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überland Strasse, 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2015 (HOPV15)

Roma, Italy, 2015 May 11th - 13th

Organizer: Filippo De Angelis

Poster, Fan Fu, 213
Publication date: 5th February 2015

The research field of perovskite solar cells has experienced unprecedented advancements with power conversion efficiency soaring from 3.8% 5 years ago to the current record efficiency of 20.1%.^[1-2]Synthesis of single phase perovskite from thick planar PbI₂ typically requires long reaction time, elevated temperature and/or post deposition treatments (e.g. annealing).^[3-5] Here, we report a novel concept thatemploys a porous PbI₂ precursor layer consisting of nanoplates to rapidly prepare single phase perovskite with a compact and flat morphology at room temperature. The morphology and porosity of the PbI₂ layer can be well controlled during the deposition by thermal evaporation and allows the penetration of CH₃NH₃I solution into the whole PbI₂ layer, thus facilitating a fast and complete conversion. In-situ intercalation of the organic moiety into the layered PbI₂ is proposed as phase formation mechanism. The as-prepared high quality perovskite film allows us to fabricate planar perovskite devices with a power conversion efficiency of 14.2% under reverse J-V measurements. This new process was also applied to develop a 4-terminal perovskite-CIGS tandem device. Moreover the work also discloses a new route for rapid room temperature preparation of other three dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites by controlled design ofthe metal halide layer morphology.
Schematic illustration of the novel preparation method for rapid room temperature preparation of the perovskite film
[1] Kojima, A; Teshima, K; Shirai, Y; Miyasaka, T. Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6050. [2] NREL, Best efficiency chart, http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/images/efficiency_chart.jpg., accessed: December, 2014. [3] Liang, K; Mitzi, D; Prikas, M. T. Synthesis and Characterization of Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Thin Film Prepared Using a Versatile Two-Step Dipping Technique. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1999, 48, 1-121. [4] Xiao, Z; Bi, C.; Shao, Y.; Dong, Q.; Wang, Q.; Yuan, Y.; Wang, C.; Gao, Y.; Huang, J. Efficient, high yield perovskite photovoltaic devices grown by interdiffusion of solution-processed precursor stacking layers [5] Docampo, P.; Hanusch, F.; Stranks, S.; Doeblinger, M.; Feckl, J.; Ehrensperger, M.; Minar, N.; Johnston, M.; Snaith, H.; Bein, T.; Solution Deposition-Converstion for Planar Heterojunction Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 2014, 4, 1400355.

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