Large area (100 cm2) Perovskite modules with efficiency exceeding 9%

Aldo Di Carlo^a, Thomas M. Brown^a, Francesca Brunetti^a, Alessandro Lorenzo Palma^a, Francesco Di Giacomo^a, Fabio Matteocci^a, Stefano Razza^a, Martina Dianetti^a

^aUniversity of Rome

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2015 (HOPV15)

Roma, Italy, 2015 May 11th - 13th

Organizer: Filippo De Angelis

Poster, Stefano Razza, 122
Publication date: 5th February 2015

The present work focuses on alternative and more scalable processes to fabricate large area solar modules based on organometal halide perovskite light absorber. We deposited the photoactive layer by sequential step deposition of the perovskite layer, where the PbI₂ film is printed using the blade coating and controlling the crystallization of the PbI₂ with air flow that allow a right evaporation rate of the solvent.[1] The final perovskite structure was then obtained by dipping the substrates in a methylammonium iodide solution. The study and the consequent optimization of the dipping time, related to the morphology of the PbI₂ layer, led us to achieve 10 mm² solar cells with a maximum efficiency of 13.3% and an average efficiency of 12.1%. To prove the scalability of the process, series connected modules were fabricated. To obtain a printable and scalable process for pervoskite modules we used the blade coating to deposit also the HTMs. Optimizing the temperature and the intensity of the air flow, we were able to deposit P3HT and Spiro-OmeTAD over a surface of about 100 cm². Using the P3HT we obtained a module efficiency of 4.3% for a 100 cm²,[1] while with Spiro-OmeTAD the efficiency improved till 9.23% for a 100cm² active area. A semi-transparent version of this module was realized using as counter electrode a conductive polymer instead of the gold. The efficiency of the semi-transparent module was 2% for a 90 cm² active area. The final layout of the modules was obtained by laser ablation by using a CO₂ laser system to remove both PbI₂, CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and also the HTM layers, achieving an aperture ratio over 70%.

[1] S. Razza, F. Di Giacomo, F. Matteocci, L. Cinà, A.L. Palma, S. Casaluci, P. Cameron, A. D'Epifanio, S. Licoccia, A. Reale, T.M. Brown, A. Di Carlo, Perovskite solar cells and large area modules (100 cm2) based on an air flow-assisted PbI2 blade coating deposition process, Journal of Power Sources, 277 (2015) 286-291.

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