Mechanisms and modules for organic photovoltaics

Olle Inganäs^a

^aLinköping University, Sweden, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2015 (HOPV15)

Roma, Italy, 2015 May 11th - 13th

Organizer: Filippo De Angelis

Invited Speaker, Olle Inganäs, presentation 121
Publication date: 5th February 2015

Printed organic solar cells use very disordered organic photovoltaic materials (OPV). The localized states through which the charge carriers move form a disordered set in space and energy, but still possible to characterize by the Gaussian disorder model, when focusing on energy. Photocarriers generated by dissociation of excited states via a charge transfer state, defining the open circuit photovoltage, move through space and energy levels, cooling and moving slower and slower with time. During their transit to electrodes, they do not have the time to arrive at steady state energies and mobilities, as observed with transient optical and electrooptical methods. The loss of energy during transport and thermalization reduce voltage and energy. OPV devices are therefore fundamentally non-equilibrium devices, limiting the relevance of drift-diffusion modeling. These disordered materials can be printed on large areas of flexible polymer substrate with simple roll-to-roll printing tools, to form nanostructures with high internal quantum efficiency for charge generation in polymer/fullerene blends. We develop semitransparent OPV modules using semitransparent doped polymer electrodes sandwiching the active layer, with both top and bottom electrode made from PEDOT(PSS) but with a surface modification converting one of the layers to a cathode. Serial connections of many single devices to make a module enable higher voltage and lower currents, and thereby match the limited conductivity of PEDOT materials. The semitransparent modules may be stacked, to make homo- or hetero tandem structures, for better photon capture or extension of the spectral range of absorption. Light management can be improved with external or internal scattering elements, in the simple form of white paint.

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