Solution Processed Nanowire CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite and Its Opto-electronic and Photovoltaic Properties

Nam-Gyu Park^a, Jeong-Hyeok Im^a, Jingshan Luo^b, Marius Franckevicius^b, Norman Pellet^b, Peng Gao^b, Michael Grätzel^b

^aSungkyunkwan University, South Korea, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440, Korea, Republic of

^bEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2015 (HOPV15)

Roma, Italy, 2015 May 11th - 13th

Organizer: Filippo De Angelis

Poster, Jeong-Hyeok Im, 072
Publication date: 5th February 2015

Solution or vapor processed methylammonium lead iodide, CH₃NH₃PbI₃, perovskite was reported to form mostly flat or 3-dimensional (3D) nanocuboid crystals. Here, we report for the first time 1-dimensional (1D) nanowire perovskite that was prepared by means of a small quantity of aprotic solvent in two-step spin-coating procedure (Fig. 1). X-ray diffraction pattern of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ nanowire showed a crystal structure rather similar to the cuboid shaped film with space group (I4/mcm) and lattice parameters of a = 8.8586 Å and c = 12.628 Å. It was noticed that the strongest peak (220) in cuboid particle film became weaker in the nanowire film, while the (310) peak becomes stronger, which indicates that the two films developed a quite different grain distribution. Hypsochromic shift of the fluorescence spectra for the 1D nanowire perovskite was observed compared to the 3D nanocuboid, which is indicative of more localized exciton states in nanowires. The lateral conductivity of the 1D nanowires was close to that of 3D nanocuboid under dark state but it was enhanced by a factor 1.3 to 1.6 as the light intensities were higher. Upon being in contact with spiro-MeOTAD, the hole extraction from nanowire was more efficient than cuboid because of the large surface area between absorber and hole transfer material. The best performing device employing nanowire CH₃NH₃PbI₃ delivered photocurrent density of 19.12 mA/cm², voltage of 1.052 V and fill factor of 0.721, leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.71% at standard AM 1.5G solar illumination.
Fig. 1 Plane-view SEM image of 1D nanowire CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite

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