Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells based on lead-halide perovskites have gained significant attention over the last two years, mainly due to the surge in published power conversion efficiency of up to 16%. One route to high-efficiency devices employs a sequential deposition of a PbI2 film that is subsequently converted to CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite by incorporation of CH3NH3I from solution. This route, which often gives better morphological control over the resulting film than a one-step deposition of the perovskite, was first successfully demonstrated on a mesoporous titania film by Burschka et al. [1], attaining efficiencies of 15%. More recently, the sequential deposition has been adapted to the conversion of PbI2 films on compact titania and zinc oxide films, which are solution-processed at low temperatures and yield power conversion efficiencies of 13.7% and 15.7%, respectively [2,3].
Herein, we present a study of the conversion reaction of a PbI2 film to CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite by exposure to a CH3NH3I solution in 2-propanol. We focus on the conversion reaction of films deposited on flat compact titania films. Quantitative data is drawn from relative mass changes measured in-situ by a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation technique. Apart from the conversion reaction, we also study the inverse process, i.e. release of methylammonium iodide from the perovskite film into selective solvents. Morphological changes are monitored by SEM imaging.
[1] Burschka, J. Pellet, N., Moon, S.-J., Humphry-Baker, R., Gao, P., Nazeeruddin, M. K., Grätzel, M. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 499, 316-319 (2013). [2] Yella, A., Heiniger, L.-P., Gao, P., Nazeeruddin, M. K., Grätzel, M. Nanocrystalline Rutile Electron Extraction Layer Enables Low-Temperature Solution Processed Perovskite Photovoltaics with 13.7% Efficiency. Nano Letters (2014). [3] Liu, D., Kelly, T. L. Perovskite solar cells with a planar heterojunction structure prepared using room-temperature solution processing techniques. Nature Photonics 8, 133-138 (2014).
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