Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
The recent break in record efficiency reaching up to 14% appears as a new step forward for technological development, strengthening further the viability of DSC for solar conversion[1]. Nevertheless, although such records demonstrate the technological potentiality, a gap remains to be filled in order to bring the stability of the device to a similar level. In this respect, development of new dyes[2], new electrolyte formulation[3,4]or manufacturing improvement[5] have continuously kept the thermal/light stability of liquid cells progressing to a certain point which almost satisfies the standard IEC61646 protocol for accelerating tests. Surprisingly, pushed back into the background, research aiming at understanding the degradation mechanisms in DSC cells under light and thermal stress remains poorly investigated whereas assessment of a complete understanding of actual degradation mechanisms could be relevant not only to close the gap between champion cells and stable cells but also to give further impetus to the deployment of DSC into the market.
Towards this complicated target, in this contribution we will reveal a first study highlighting that the surface of TiO2 plays a crucial role for the stability of DSC using 3-methoxypropionitrile-based liquid electrolyte. Following IEC61646 protocol, we show that the surface of TiO2 acts as a catalyst for the electrolyte degradation inducing the formation and growth of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)[6], being responsible not only for the well-known iodine depletion but also for guanidinium cation, and last but not least gas evolution as revealed by gas analysis by GC/MS/FT-IR experiments. We will expose a careful chemical and electrochemical analysis of this SEI layer by a set of complementary techniques (HRTEM, XRD, XPS, ToF-SIMS…) and discuss the outcome in terms of cell capacitance and recombination dynamic of the formation of this SEI layer by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique.
TEM micrographs showing TiO2 particles as prepared(a), aged 500 hours at 60°C/100 mW.cm-2 condition (b) and 500 hours at 85°C in dark (c).
1. Burschka, J.; Pellet, N.; Moon, S.-J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Gao, P.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Gratzel, M., Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 2013, 499 (7458), 316-319. 2. Joly, D.; Pellejà, L.; Narbey, S.; Oswald, F.; Chiron, J.; Clifford, J. N.; Palomares, E.; Demadrille, R., A Robust Organic Dye for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Iodine/Iodide Electrolytes Combining High Efficiency and Outstanding Stability. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4. 3. Sauvage, F. d. r.; Chhor, S.; Marchioro, A.; Moser, J.-E.; Graetzel, M., Butyronitrile-Based Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011, 133 (33), 13103-13109. 4. Yu, Q.; Zhou, D.; Shi, Y.; Si, X.; Wang, Y.; Wang, P., Stable and efficient dye-sensitized solar cells: photophysical and electrical characterizations. Energy & Environmental Science 2010, 3 (11), 1722-1725. 5. Jiang, N.; Sumitomo, T.; Lee, T.; Pellaroque, A.; Bellon, O.; Milliken, D.; Desilvestro, H., High temperature stability of dye solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2013, 119 (0), 36-50. 6. Flasque, M.; Van Nhien, A. N.; Swiatowska, J.; Seyeux, A.; Davoisne, C.; Sauvage, F., Interface Stability of a TiO2/3-Methoxypropionitrile-Based Electrolyte: First Evidence for Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation and Implications. ChemPhysChem 2014, in press
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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