Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Organic Photovoltaics (OPV) attract increasing interest due to the advantages of low cost, flexible and light weight modules.1Efficient OPV require a Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) which is composed of an intertwined network of n-type and p-type semiconductors.2 The most investigated systems contain a fullerene derivative that acts as the acceptor and a conducting polymer (typically based on polythiophene) that acts as the chromophore and electron donor. The cells typically contain nanometre-sized domains of each phase which can be formed through phase separation although the importance of controlling molecular weights, polydispersity, tacticity, and solvent should not be underestimated. Here the highly controlled self-assembly of low molecular weight gelators (LMWG) which have potential as the active material in OPV is investigated. The pH of precursor solution is controlled electrochemically to trigger self-assembly of two-phase materials.3The structure, composition and thickness of the gel layers can be controlled by changes in current density, concentration of gelators as well as selection of suitable gelators. Control of the pH at which specific LMWG assemble allows the preparation of self-sorted 2-phase gels. (Fig.1,)The technique could be used to self-assemble fibres of donors and acceptors in intimate contact with each other.
Fig.1 Schematic of two-phase gel made from LMWGs
1. (a) Brabec, C. J.; Cravino, A.; Meissner, D.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Fromherz, T.; Rispens, M. T.; Sanchez, L.; Hummelen, J. C., Origin of the Open Circuit Voltage of Plastic Solar Cells. Advanced Functional Materials 2001, 11 (5), 374-380; (b) Chen, T.; Qiu, L.; Yang, Z.; Peng, H., Novel solar cells in a wire format. Chemical Society Reviews 2013, 42 (12), 5031-5041. 2. Yu, G.; Gao, J.; Hummelen, J. C.; Wudl, F.; Heeger, A. J., Polymer Photovoltaic Cells: Enhanced Efficiencies via a Network of Internal Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions. Science 1995, 270 (5243), 1789-1791. 3. Johnson, E. K.; Adams, D. J.; Cameron, P. J., Directed Self-Assembly of Dipeptides to Form Ultrathin Hydrogel Membranes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 (14), 5130-5136.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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