Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Alkylamonium-based protic ionic liquids (PILs) have a relatively low cost and low toxicity and show low viscosities and high conductivity (up to 8 mS cm-1) at room temperature [1]. They have wide applicable perspectives for fuel cell devices [1] and have been proposed to be used as electrolyte in Dye-sensitized solar cells. The PILs are normally synthesized by a simple 1:1 mixture of the amine and acid HX. Anouti et al. [2] have suggested that mixing diisopropylehylamine and formic acid leads to a 1:1 ionic liquid complex as seen in Fig. 1a. However, what does DIPEF really look like?
1H-NMR showed that the DIPEF mixture must be 2:1 (acid: amine) with an equilibrium structure shown in Figure 1b. A key element in the understanding of the process is the formation of the complex between formate and formic acid (deprotonated formic acid dimer). A consequence of the extra “free” HCOOH in the DIPEF structure is that ruthenium dyes like N719 are desorbed quickly from the TiO2 photo anode by the combined accelerated effect of high dye solubility in DIPEF and the free HCOOH. Furthermore the relative small pKa differences between the amine (10.8) and HCOOH (3.8) allow distillation of the DIPEF at ≈120 °C with formation of HCOOH and amine. DIPEF is therefore, despite its promising low viscosity (18 mPas) not suited as DSC electrolyte.
[1] M. Anouti, J. Jacquemin, D. Lemordant, Fluid Phase Equlibria 297 (2010) 13-22. [2] M. Anouti, M.Caillon-Caravanier, C.Le Floch, D.Lemordant, J.Phys.Chem. B 112 (2008) 9406.
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