Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Perovskite based solar cells has attracted an increasing interest in recent yearsdue their high performance,cost effectiveness, and having variety of possibilities that can be appliedfor device fabrication[1,2]. Photoanode engineering is a key, to collect charges in a facile manner and with better reproducibility in these cells. Earlier 1-D TiO2 nanostructured such as nanorods or nanowires has been employed for the photoanode modification, but the power conversion efficiencies remain low[3]. Herein we report efficient perovskite sensitized solar cells with TiO2 tilted nanocolumns made by physical vapor deposition at glancing incidence (PVD-GLAD)[4]. Certainparameters like concentrations of the precursors PbI2, methyl ammonium iodide and type of the hole transporting material were studied revealing a remarkable importance for the final performance of the cells. The photoanode was optimized by using varying thicknesses (100-500nm) and the growth direction tilting angles, i.e. angle between the source and the sample, were tested for the TiO2 nanocolumns optimization.
We found the best performance devices were obtained using 200nm TiO2having a tilting angle of 85º, though the differences between 200 and 300nm thick TiO2 nanocolumnar films were marginal. Films having 100nm thickness were unable to collect the current efficiently, while the one having 500nm thickness suffered drops in VOC and fill factor. We have also observed that polytriarylamine based hole transport materials was unable to infiltrate well and resulted in low efficiencies. The TiO2 nanocolumunar based devices gave power conversion efficiency of 10.53% (JSC=16.7mA·cm-2, VOC=950mV, FF=0.64) on a reproducible scale. We speculate that 1-D structure gave directional flow of current and this resulted in reproducibility of the devices minimizing the chances of traps. The benefit to produce them at large scale by an industrial acceptable method is also attractive.
Fig.1 (a) Influence of the TiO2 nanocolumnar film thickness on the different photovoltaic parameters. (b) Current density-voltage curves for the champion cell employing Spiro-OMeTAD (blue) and PTAA as HTM (black).
[1]Kazim, S.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Grätzel, M; Ahmad, S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53, 2812–2824. [2]Burschka, J.; Pellet, N.; Moon, S.-J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Gao, P.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Grätzel, M. Nature 2013, 499, 319-319. [3] Kim, H.-S.; Lee, J.-W.; Yantara, N.; Boix, P.; Kulkarni, S.; Mhaisalkar, S.; Grätzel, M.; Park, N.-G. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 2412-2417. [4] Gonzalez-Garcia, L.; Gonzalez-Valls, I.; Lira-Cantu, M.; Angel Barranco, A.;Gonzalez-Elipe A.R. Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 3426-3435.
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