Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Abstract
Despite passing years commercial photovoltaics, dominated by Si and thin film technologies at the moment, struggles to reach high enough efficiencies and low enough costs to become a widespread energetic alternative. Chances of breaking this stalemate lie in the 3rd generation photovoltaics, among which the most promising groups of devices are dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and perovskite solar cells (PSC). Their low production cost, with the absence of temperatures needed for crystalline cells and lack of expensive materials involved, coupled with efficiencies exceeding 10% makes them a very popular subject of research. It was shown, however, that in DSSCs the obtained efficiencies are closing to the theoretical efficiency limit of 13.4%.[1] Similarly, for PSCs the theoretical limit of around 20% will also be approached soon. Therefore new solutions based on tandem devices with several junctions and/or lowered loss-in potential need to be developed. In our work we present a numerical study of optimal bandgaps of light absorbers in tandem cells with the number of junctions (sub-cells) varying from 2-5. Variables taken into account include loss-in potential (VL), incident-photon to current efficiency (IPCE) and fill factor (FF) of the constituting sub-cells. Both the bandwidth and shape of IPCE spectra are taken into account and the VL chosen for the study correspond to the most widespread systems (0.75V for iodyte electrolytes, 0.6V for cobalt based electrolytes and 0.45V for perovskite cells). Result show that going form single to tandem device yields 35% relative gain in efficiency, provided that the absorption onsets are optimized and high square IPCE and FF preserved. We also show the impact of the more realistic IPCE shape and effect of onset mismatch. Our procedure narrows significantly the amount of desired dye combinations and leads to better understanding of tandem solar cells.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by NCN (National Science Centre, Poland) under project 2012/05/B/ST3/03284. J. S. is a holder of a scholarship funded within Human Capital Operational Programme, European Social Fund.
Maximum efficiencies of the devices consisting of n sub-cells for various Vloss values. Calculations performed with square IPCE of height 0.9 spanning from 300nm to the optimized offset for each sub-cell and FF equal to 0.73.
[1] Snaith, H. Estimating the Maximum Attainable Efficiency in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 13–19
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