Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Optical effects of the plasmonic structures and materials effects of the metal nanomaterials have recently been individually studied for enhancing performances of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, differently, the effects of plasmonically induced carrier generation and enhanced carrier extraction of the carrier transport layer (i.e. plasmonic-electrical effects) in OSCs are investigated. We propose and demonstrate enhanced charge extraction in TiO2 as a highly efficient electron transport layer by the incorporation of metal nanoparticles (NPs). While OSCs using pristine TiO2 can only operate by UV activation (< 400 nm, otherwise poor S-shape J-V characteristics are exhibited), efficient device performance is demonstrated by using Au NPs incorporated TiO2, at a plasmonic wavelength (560-600 nm) far longer than the originally necessary UV light. By optimizing the amount of Au NPs doped into TiO2, the performances of OSCs with various polymer active layers are enhanced and efficiency of 8.74% is reached [1]. In order to understand the fundamental physics, an integrated optical and electrical model (i.e. a multiphysics model), which takes into account hot carrier tunneling probability and extraction barrier between TiO2 and active layers, is introduced here. From experimental and theoretical studies, we attribute the enhanced charge extraction under plasmonic wavelength illumination to the strong charge injection of plasmonically excited electrons from NPs into TiO2. The mechanism favors better energy alignment at the TiO2 interface which facilitates carrier transport in OSCs. Recently, we also find that the TiO2-metal NPs composite can enhance the carrier accumulation which can fill the trap states in TiO2 and thus improve the electrical conduction of TiO2 and thus improve the device performances of OSCs [2]. The work can contribute to new approaches and knowledge to utilize plasmonically electrical nanostructures in organic optoelectronic devices for enhancing device performances.
[1] D. Zhang, W.C.H. Choy, F. Xie, W.E.I. Sha, X. Li, B. Ding, K. Zhang, F. Huang, and Y. Cao, “Plasmonic-electrically Functionalized TiO2 for High Performance Organic Solar Cells”, Adv. Funct. Mat.,2013, 23, 4255–4261. [2] F.X. Xie, W.C.H. Choy, W.E.I. Sha, D. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Li, C.W. Leung, J. Hou, “Enhanced Charge Extraction in Organic Solar Cells through Electron Accumulation Effects Induced by Metal Nanoparticles”, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 3372 – 3379.
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