Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Interfacial materials are important for organic photovotaics (OPVs) with both the normal and inverted configurations. These interlayers help to reduce the work function (WF) of high WF electrodes, so that stable metals and oxides can be used as the cathode.1 The rapid development of this area has generated many different interlayers, including conjugated and non-conjugated polymers, small molecules, and polyelectrolytes.2 However, some of them are not stable in air, which limits the practical applications, while others require complicated synthetic procedures, which increase the cost.3 Here we demonstrate that a well-known, low-cost, and non-toxic artificial sweetener can be used to decrease the WF of different electrodes, including metals and oxides. We employ this sweetener in OPVs with both the normal and inverted structures, and find that it helps to improve the efficiency of devices with both configurations. In addition, we use different techniques to understand the device physics behind the efficiency improvement with the sweetener interlayer. Our work not only adds a unique material to the interlayer family, but also provides insight into basic requirement for interfacial materials.
1, Zhou, Y.; Fuentes-Hernandez, C.; Shim, J.; Meyer, J.; Giordano, A. J.; Li, H.; Winget, P.; Papadopoulos, T.; Cheun, H.; Kim, J.; Fenoll, M.; Dindar, A.; Haske, W.; Najafabadi, E.; Khan, T. M.; Sojoudi, H.; Barlow, S.; Graham, S.; Brédas, J.-L.; Marder, S. R.; Kahn, A.; Kippelen, B. A universal method to produce low–work function electrodes for organic electronics. Science 2012, 336, 327-332. 2, He, Z.; Zhong, C.; Su, S.; Xu, M.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y. Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells using an inverted device structure. Nature Photonics 2012, 6, 591–595. 3, Tang, Z.; Andersson, L. M.; George, Z.; Vandewal1, K.; Tvingstedt, K.; Heriksson, P.; Kroon, R.; Andersson, M. R.; Inganäs, O. Interlayer for modified cathode in highly efficient inverted ITO-free organic solar cells. Advanced Materials 2012, 24, 554–558.
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