Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Rapid improvements in efficiency of photovoltaics based on the organometallic perovskites have been recently reported. In most of the high efficiency solar cells published to date perovskite was prepared in situ on a nanocrystalline TiO2 surface by spin coating the precursors in mixed solution. This simple process allows the crystallization of the methylammonium triiodide plumbate within the tens of nanometer scale pores in the TiO2 matrix upon removing the solvent.
In previous reports the perovskite absorbers have been shown to be in the form of 2-4 nm sized small isolated nanoparticles [1-2] although this seems to be in conflict with the observed fast electron transport so far claimed for these materials [3]. This point requires an atomic level investigation in order to fully understand the intimate characteristics of perovskite absorbers in photovoltaic devices.
We thus attempted to gain more insight into the nanoscale morphology and even the crystal properties of perovskite coatings which have been deposited onto TiO2 mesoporous film. A robust characterization of different batches of CH3NH3PbI3 has been conducted through the use of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
CH3NH3PbI3 was deposited by a single step deposition [4] onto two kind of nanostructured TiO2 scaffolds having different porosity, namely spherical commercial nanoparticles 20-50 nm sized and elongated nanorods 180 x 50 nm sized.
We analyzed the self-assembly process in these two different nanoporous hosts and got useful information which allows to correlate the nanoscale properties of the perovskite sensitizer with photovoltaic performances of devices and served as useful design criteria to optimize the properties of the perovskite/TiO2 interface.
[1]Im, J.-H.; Lee, C.-R.; Lee, J.-W.; Park, S.-W.; Park, N.-G. 6.5% efficient perovskite quantum-dot-sensitized solar cell. Nanoscale 2011, 3, 4088−4093. [2]Kim, H.-S.; Lee, J.-W.; Yantara, N.; Boix, P. P.; Kulkarni, S. A.; Mhaisalkar, S.; Grätzel, M.; Park, N.-G. High Efficiency Solid-State Sensitized Solar Cell-Based on Submicrometer Rutile TiO2 Nanorod and CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Sensitizer. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 2412−2417. [3]Lee, M. M.; Teuscher, J.; Miyasaka, T.; Murakami, T. N.; Snaith, H. J. Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites. Science 2012, 338, 643−647. [4]Kim, H. S.; Lee, C. R.; Im, J. H.; Lee, K. B.; Moehl, T.; Marchioro, A.; Moon, S. J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Yum, J. H.; Moser, J. E.; Gratzel, M.; Park, N. G. Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9%. Sci. Rep. 2012, 2, 591.
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