Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
All-solid-state solar cell based on chloride doped organometallic halide perovskite, (CH3NH3)PbIxCl3-x, has achieved a highly power conversion efficiency (PCE) to over 15%1) and further improvements are expected up to 20%2). In this way, solar cells using novel light absorbing perovskite material are actively being studied as a next generation solar cells.
However, fabrication of Perovskite solar cells by using solution-process requires high temperature annealing up to 500 °C for forming hole blocking layer and the mesoporous oxide scaffold layer, which restricts realization of flexible solar cells based on plastic substrates such as polyethlyene naphthalate (PEN) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Recently, flexible Perovskite solar cells employing inverted heterojunction structure have been reported to achieve below 10 % PCE and PEDOT:PSS layers were used as electron blocking layer3),4). To the best of our knowledge, bending properties and understanding of degradation mechanism have not been revealed so far.
In this report, we report highly bendable 12 % Perovskite solar cells with normal heterojunction structure. These flexible solar cells were realized by forming TiOx hole blocking layer at 80 oC assisted by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The flexible Perovskite solar cells based on ITO/PEN substrates exhibited 12.1 % PCE and the PCE did not change after 1000 cycle of bending test with 10mm curvature radius. However, in the case of 4mm curvature radius bending test, the PCE was significantly deteriorated to 50% of initial PCE after 1000 cycles. We found that the origin of degradation of PCE was not due to fracture of Perovskite layer but to fracture of ITO layer on PEN substrate by analyzing microstructure of failed solar cells .
This study shows a feasibility of highly bendable Perovskite solar cells without efficiency degradation once the new transparent conducting layers, durable against bending stress are employed.
(a) Power conversion efficiency of champion flexible Perovskite solar cells based on ITO/PEN substrate, (b) Schematic of flexible Perovskite solar cells
1) Mingzhen Liu.; Michael B. Johnston.; Henry J. Snaith. Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition, Nature 2013, 9, 395-398 2) Nam-Gyu Park. Organometal perovskite light absorbers toward a 20% efficiency low-cost solid-state mesoscopic solar cell, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2013, 4, 2423�2429 3) Pablo Docampo.; James M. Ball.; Mariam Darwich.; Giles E. Eperon.; Henry J. Snaith. Efficient organometal trihalide perovskite planar-heterojunction solar cells on flexible polymer substrate, Nature 2013, 11 4)Jingbi You.; Ziruo Hong.; Yang (Michael) Yang.; Qi Chen.; Min Cai.; Tze-Bin Song.; Chun-Chao Chen.; Shirong Lu.; Yongsheng Liu.; Huanping Zhou.; Yang Yang. Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Flexibility, ACS Nano 2014, 1
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