Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Conducting polymer deposited into the porous structure of dye-coated TiO2 electrodes by photoelectrochemical polymerization (PEP) have the advantage over other hole conductor materials of easy penetration into the pores. This is due to the fact that they are in-situ generated from low molecular weight monomer or small oligomer precursors. The focus has been directed in four particular aspects. At first, it was demonstrated that it is possible to generate PEDOT conducting polymers into the oxide electrode by photoelectrochemical polymerization (PEP) from a bis-EDOT precursor using an aqueous micellar electrolyte. An obvious advantage is the substitution of the organic solvent by water, thereby rendering the process relatively inexpensive and environment-friendly. Additionally, the structure of the generated polymer in the aqueous medium, to some extent influenced by the micellar material acting as template, may be more favorable for dye regeneration and charge transport in the solid state dye solar cell (S-DSC). The S-DSCs with a metal-free organic sensitizer and based on polymers generated by aqueous PEP have a power conversion efficiency (η) of 4.6%, as compared to η =6.0% for DSSCS with the same sensitizer based on nonaqueous PEP. A second aspect is the possibility of substituting bis-EDOT by the less expensive monomer EDOT as precursor. The oxidative polymerization of bis-EDOT in organic media is more favorable than that of EDOT, for both electrochemical polymerization and PEP. However, in the past it has been demonstrated that electrochemical polymerization requires a less positive potential in aqueous micellar than in organic media. Therefore, on the basis of this fact, we demonstrated for the first time the possibility of aqueous PEP of EDOT for efficient DSCs (η =3%). Thirdly, in our search for alternative to PEDOT polymeric hole conductors, we established the possibility of efficient DSC operation (η =4.5%) of a cell with poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) (PEDOP) generated, by PEP, from EDOP monomer in nonaqueous electrolyte and with a metal-free organic sensitizer. In the aforementioned investigations the metal counter electrode is vacuum-evaporated Ag on to the conducting polymer. No high-boiling point supporting electrolyte, for conductivity enhancement, has been added on the polymer/oxide/dye layer after PEP. A final aspect of interest concerns the possibility of counter electrode materials other than Ag. In this respect, we proved that single-wall carbon nanotubes can be effectively used in place of silver; the respective DSC devices show comparable power conversion efficiencies.
Solid-state dye solar cell with polymer hole conductor.
1) Yang, L.a, Zhang, J. ; Shen, Y.; Park, B.-W.; Bi, D.;Häggman, L.; Johansson, E.M.J.; Boschloo, G.; Hagfeldt, A. ; Vlachopoulos, N. ; Snedden, A. ; Kloo, L. ; Jarboui, A.; Chams, A.; Perruchot, C.; Jouini, M. New approach for Preparation of Efficient Solid-state Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Photoelectrochemical Polymerization in Aqueous Micellar Solution. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 4026-4031. 2) Sakmeche, N.; Aeiyach, S.; Aaron, J.-J.; Jouini, M.; Lacroix, J.C.; Lacaze, P.-C. Improvement of the electrosynthesis and physicochemical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) using a sodium dodecyl sulfate micellar aqueous medium. Langmuir 1999, 15, 2566-2574.
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