Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
We explored new strategies for efficiency enhancement in dye sensitised solar cells (DSSCs), by combining dehydration-condensation reactions with sputtering deposition methods. The photoanodes were realised by means of low temperature preparation of mesoporous TiO2 films on thin undoped TiO2 compact (blocking) layers on ZnO:Al (AZO) substrates and sensitisation with ruthenium dye, N719. For photoanodes fabrication, an 8 mm-thick mesoporous film of TiO2 and an under critical thermal budget, applied before dye loading, (i.e. ≤200°C: i.e. 150°C for the TiO2 mesoscopic layer, 200°C for the TiO2 blocking/AZO bilayer) were employed, that renders the overall process competitive for the applications. The structural properties of the sputtered TiO2 /AZO bilayer were optimised and a cell efficiency as high as the 4.6%, above the current literature limit for AZO based DSSC (3.8% for 10mm-thick mesoporous layers sintered at 450°C and sensitised with N719) was achieved at T≤200°C. With the proposed scheme for the photoanode structure and using, instead, a conventional thermal treatment at 500°C (30sec), the cell efficiencies was further raised up to 4.9%. It was thus evidenced that the use of optimised materials for the cell architecture makes the AZO-based DSSC nowadays rising devices.
Sintering free AZO-based DSSCs. The figure shows the cell Efficiency modulation by changing the mesoporous TiO2 thickness, and the crucial role played by a structurally optimised blocking-layer (40nm-thick undoped TiO2 layer). The data are plotted as a function of the temperature used to anneal the TiO2 -blocking/AZO bilayer before the mesoscopic layer deposition. The arrow indicates the cells with the TiO2 -blocking/AZO bilayer left as deposited (TiO2 deposition temperature= 150°C). The annealing times were 30min at 200°C and 30 sec at 500°C. The maximum reference (literature) value was also reported (the star) which refers to a cell having, with respect to our data, a thicker and doped TiO2 blocking layer and also a thicker mesoporous array of TiO2 (Noh, J- H et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 13867) In all cases, the cells were sensitised by N719. In the figure, the cross sectional views of the TiO2 -blocking/AZO bilayer show the structural changes induced by the annealing process (before the mesoscopic layer deposition).
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