Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics (OPV) increased dramatically in the last few years until 11 %.1,2These values were mainly attained by improving the design and synthetic pathways of polymers and small molecules with suitable band gaps 3-7, molecular weights and desired solubilities8,9as well as device optimizations with various methods including thermal annealing, solvent annealing and solvent mixtures and additives.10
Since the charge carriers recombine at the donor/acceptor (D/A) interface, how to fabricate BHJ devices with desired morphological properties becomes one of the key issues to achieve efficient photovoltaic devices. There have been many attempts such as D/A ratio controlling, using different solvent mixtures etc. to get BHJ layers with appropriate phase separation and favorable molecular orientation for both donor and acceptor phases. However, there are many other parameters to optimize these blends such as polymer concentration, thickness, solvent additive and appropriate top electrode which is a herculean workload to make devices.
Photoluminescence (PL) is known as a fast, easy and powerful tool which is contactless and provides complementary and injection level dependent information about radiative recombination. It is generally assumed that CTPL is a good probe of geminate recombination of the excitons and this recombination does constitute a significant limitation for IQE.
In this talk, the applicability and versatility of a new method using steady-state-photoluminescence to unfinished solar cells, without the need for a complete solar cell structure, will be demonstrated firstly on PCDTBT: PC60BM mixtures that are prepared after various processing steps to estimate the efficiency potential of the blends.11 The experimental results show that, there is a strong relation between the intensity of the singlet emission of pristine material in the blend (IS1-S0) and the intensity of charge transfer emission (ICT). Using this relation, we can predict the efficiency potential of BHJ solar cells via defining a new figure of merit (FOM), which is the ratio of the intensity of singlet emission of the polymer in the blend to charge transfer emission from photoluminescence (CTPL) (ICT/ IS1-S0). The higher FoM resulted in more efficient solar cells in PCDTBT: PC60BM mixtures. Moreover, the method is applied to four other well-known systems including P3HT and PTB7. The striking trend was observable for all systems predicting the best combination in PCBM blends.
1 Green, M. A., Emery, K., Hishikawa, Y., Warta, W. & Dunlop, E. D. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 21, 827-837, 2 Li, G., Zhu, R. & Yang, Y. Nat Photon 6, 153-161 (2012). 3 He, Y., Shao, M., Xiao, K., Smith, S. C. & Hong, K. Sol Energ Mat Sol C 118, 171-178 (2013). 4 Chen, H.-Y. et al. Nat Photon 3, 649-653 (2009). 5 Chu, T.-Y. et al. J Am Chem Soc 133, 4250-4253 (2011). 6 Amb, C. M. et al. J Am Chem Soc 133, 10062-10065 (2011). 7 Mercier, L. G. & Leclerc, M. Accounts Chem Res 46, 1597-1605 (2013). 8 Ashraf, R. S. et al. Adv Mater 25, 2029-2034 (2013). 9 Price, S. C., Stuart, A. C., Yang, L., Zhou, H. & You, W. J Am Chem Soc 133, (2011). 10 Perez, L. A. et al. Adv Mater (2013). 11 Baran, D. Brabec, C. J. PCT/EP2013/058730.
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