Publication date: 10th April 2014
Upconversion processes in monoclinic lanthanide doped KRE(WO4)2 crystals and nanocrystals
M.C. Pujol*, J. J. Carvajal, X. Mateos, R. Solé, J. Massons, M. Aguiló and F. DíazFísica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona (Spain)
*corresponding autor: mariacinta.pujol@urv.cat
Monoclinic potassium rare earth tungstates, KRE(WO4)2 ( RE= Gd, Y, Yb and Lu) are a well-known oxide hosts for lanthanide doping ions, for laser applications [1]. The advantages of these materials are the possibility to obtain a high concentrated lanthanide doped samples without distortion or crystallographic stress in the structure; the distribution coefficient around 1 which assures an almost homogeneous distribution of the lanthanide doping ion inside the material, and spectroscopically, the large emission and absorption cross sections. Some of the disadvantages of these materials could be the large anisotropy in their physical properties, and their rather high phonon energy value around 900 cm-1. As a bulk single crystal, these materials have been grown by Top Seeded Solution Growth method typically [2], and they are commercially available. As a nanocrystal, they were prepared for first time in 2007, by Pechini method, obtaining average sizes around 50 nm [3]. In this work, we will review the upconversion processes studied in these hosts; and how these processes have been explored for white light nano phosphor and thermometric nano biosensor applications.
References
[1]Growth and properties of KLu(WO4)2,and novel ytterbium and thulium lasers based on this monoclinic crystalline host. V. Petrov, M. C. Pujol, X. Mateos, O. Silvestre, S. Rivier, M. Aguiló, R. Solé, J. Liu, U.Griebner and F. Díaz. Laser & Photon. Rev. 1 (2007) 179–212.
[2] Growth of β-KGd1-xNdx(WO4)2 single crystals in K2W2O7 solvents. R. Solé, V. Nikolov, X. Ruiz, Jna. Gavaldà, X. Solans, M. Aguiló and F. Diaz. Journal of Crystal Growth 169 (1996) 600-603.
[3] Sol-gel modified Pechini method for obtaining nanocrystalline KRE(WO4)2 (RE = Gd and Yb). M. Galceran, M. C. Pujol, M. Aguiló and F. Díaz. J Sol-Gel Sci Techn 42 (2007) 79–88.
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