DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.emlem.2023.005
Publication date: 18th August 2023
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have shown excellent results in many optoelectronic applications. Shaping MHPs in the form of nanowires could offer advantages over thin films such as control over charge carrier transport and nanophotonic light guiding. However, present methods to obtain free-standing vertically aligned MHP nanowire arrays and heterostructures lack the scalability needed for applications. We have previously reported use a one-step solution low-temperature method to grow arrays of long single-crystalline CsPbBr3 nanowires in an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template [1]. Surprisingly, we find that free-standing CsPbBr3 nanowires can be obtained by the same method [2]. The length of the vertically aligned nanowires is controlled from 1 to 20 μm with the precursor amount. The nanowires are single-crystalline and exhibit excellent photoluminescence and clear light guiding.
Lithography methods for MHPs have been limited because of their solubility in polar solvents. However, we show that o-xylene can be used in a perovskite-compatible electron beam lithography (EBL) process based on nonpolar solvents [3]. Features down to 50 nm size are created, and photoluminescence of CsPbBr3 nanowires exhibits no degradation. We use the EBL method fabricate metal contacts to single CsPbBr3 nanowires and create single nanowire devices.
Recently, we have developed a gas-phase halide exchange method based on HCl or Cl2 to convert the green-emitting CsPbBr3 to blue-emitting CsPb(BrxCl1-x)3. By combining the Cl2 exchange process with the aforementioned EBL process, heterojunction NWs with varying halide compositions are produced, including complex barcode-like NWs with segment lengths as short as 500 nm. Using, we selectively convert segments of nanowires to CsPb(BrxCl1-x)3 and create axially heterostructured nanowires [4]. Both the new EBL process and the gas phase halide exchange are compatible with any MHP morphology.
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