Processing Parameters for Colloidal Perovskite Nanocrystals Solar Cells

Fedros Galatopoulos^a, Paris Papagiorgis^b, Alexandra Chrusou^a, Caterina Bernasconi^c, Constantinos Christodoulou^a, Maryna Bodnarchuk^d, Maksym Kovalenko^d, Grigorios Itskos^b, Stelios Choulis^a

^aMolecular Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, 3603, Cyprus

^bDepartment of Physics, Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, University of Cyprus, Nicosia

^cInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland

^dLaboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Light Emitting Materials (EMLEM22)

Aspects of Emergent Light Emitters:

Limasol, Cyprus, 2022 October 3rd - 5th

Organizers: Maksym Kovalenko, Maryna Bodnarchuk and Grigorios Itskos

Poster, Fedros Galatopoulos, 072
Publication date: 15th July 2022

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have attracted tremendous attraction over the years both in LED and solar cell performance ¹. Several inherent material properties are desirable for both applications such as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and as well as the minimization of radiative recombination processes ². Furthermore, PNCs show relatively high defect tolerance and tenability of the band gap due to the easy control of the size of the nanoparticles (NPs) ³. In this work we compare photovoltaic (PV) devices based on (CH₂(NH₂))₂PbI₃ (FAPBI₃) and CsPbI₃. Specifically we compared the photovoltaic (PV) performance of FAPBI₃ and CsPbI₃ FAPbI₃in various conditions such as in ambient and inert atmospheres as well as introducing several ligand washing (LW) steps. FaPbI₃ shows increase in grain size upon the introduction of a ligand washing (LW) step with formamidinium iodide (FAI) in EtAc due to the agglomeration of the nanoparticles (NPs). Devices based on FAPBI₃ have achieved a maximum PCE=1.93% with the introduction of 3 LW steps with formamidinium iodide (FA) dissolved in ethyl acetate (EtAc) while CsPbI₃ have achieved PCE=1.83 % using the same LW steps. The main limiting factor in both cases is the low J_sc and FF due to the high series resistance (R_s) which is tied to improper oleic acid ligand washing. Oleic acid is known to have low conductivity and therefore proper LW is essential to ensure proper PV performance. Interestingly, solar cells based on FAPBI₃ show significantly lower PCE if they are fabricated in ambient conditions compared to inert conditions, while devices based on CsPbI₃ show similar PCE in both cases. It is important to note that although solar cells based on CsPbI₃ show similar PCEs both in inert and ambient conditions, the solar cells that were fabricated in ambient conditions are less reproducible compare to the ones fabricated in inert atmosphere.

References:

[1] Yuan, J. et al. Metal Halide Perovskites in Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects. Joule 4, 1160–1185 (2020).

[2] Protesescu, L. et al. Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel Optoelectronic Materials Showing Bright Emission with Wide Color Gamut. Nano Lett. 15, 3692–3696 (2015

[3] Song, J. et al. Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Inorganic Perovskite Cesium Lead Halides (CsPbX 3 ). Adv. Mater. 27, 7162–7167 (2015).

Acknowledgements:

This work was financially supported by the Research and Innovation Foundation of Cyprus under the “NEW STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE UNITS-YOUNG SCIENTISTS” Programme (Grant Agreement No. “INFRASTRUCTURES/1216/0004”, Acronym “NANOSONICS”).

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