DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ecat.2023.017
Publication date: 10th October 2023
Efficient artificial photosynthesis systems are currently developed for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation while simultaneously recycling CO2 and generating hydrogen as a solar fuel for storable renewable energy. These systems comprise e.g., integrated semiconductor-electrocatalyst devices which offer several benefits such as high system tunability with respect to the electrocatalyst integration and a directly controllable electron flux for the electrocatalytic process through the adjustability of incoming irradiation. These characteristics could also represent a significant advantage for electrocatalytic dinitrogen reduction, although PEC devices remain little explored for this reaction. Here, we will discuss recent developments in fabricating and designing integrated semiconductor-electrocatalyst systems for small molecule activation - in particular dinitrogen fixation - by focusing on the design principles of the electrocatalyst.
In a second part, we will discuss the possbility of specially engineering the electrocatalyst nanotopography for enhanced gas bubble detachment - a common obstacle in gas producing solar fuel devices, but also in traditional electrolyser systems. Reporting on experimental results obtained from the Bremen Drop Tower where microgravity can be achieved in 9.3 s of free fall, we outline possibilities for designing electrocatalytically active surfaces for efficient gas bubble detachment even in the absence of buoyancy, resulting in significant device performances increases and lower overall energy inputs.