Publication date: 25th July 2016
Tissues and organs in the body are composed of cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) that is generated by cellular processing and self assembly. While cells produce the ECM,the ECM also signals to cells and is able to provide instructions relevant for maintaining homeostasis and tissue repair.These qualities of the ECM make it an ideal model for biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative medicine. This lecture will cover our early work on creating synthetic-biological scaffolds that include ECM signaling components that were applied to engineering tissues in the musculoskeletal system in patients. In another example, synthetic-biological composite materials capable of self assembly were employed to reconstruct the architecture of the native cornea ECM. Scaffolds using only biological components, derived from the ECM of tissues, have also demonstrated significant clinical success for tissue repair and reconstruction however the mechanisms of action remain unclear. To systematically probe structure-function properties of the ECM, we designed an array technology to probe cell responses, including stem cells, cancer cells, and macrophages, to different tissue ECM environments. Further expanding on the macrophage response to tissue ECMs, we elucidated mechanisms of the immune response to trauma and reconstruction and the combined role of the innate and adaptive immune system in biomaterials-mediated regenerative immunology.
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