Publication date: 31st July 2014
Cadmium Sulfide (CdS), one of the most important II-VI group semiconductors, has attracted much attention [1]. It has been proved to be an excellent photoactive and charge transport material in optoelectronic devices [2], and its direct band-gap (Eg) of 2.4 eV is appropriate to be an acceptor in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices [3]. Another important point is that there are several methods for obtaining CdS nanoparticles such as gas phase reaction with H2S or sulfur vapor, solvothermal method, microwave-assisted, among others. Compared with conventional heating methods, microwave-assisted heating methods has the advantages of short reacting time, high energy efficiency, and the ability to induce the formation of particles with small size, narrow size distribution, and high purity [4,5]. In this work cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticle was synthetized by microwave–assisted with thioacetamide (TA) and thiourea (TU) as sulfur source. The obtained CdS precipitates were washed by centrifugation with methanol. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicate that the obtained products were of hexagonal structure. The average size of the CdS crystallites was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The bang-gap (Eg) values of CdS nanoparticles were 2.22 and 2.52 eV for CdS-TA and CdS-TU respectively estimated by photoluminiscent spectra and suggest that CdS synthetized with TA as sulfur source create more surface states that CdS synthetized with TU as sulfur source, was confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). That probably increase charge recombination process in CdS:Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) hybrid solar cells. Finally, the best hybrid solar cells were prepared with bulk CdS(TU):P3HT active layer, giving photocurrent density at short circuit Jsc = 2.1 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.72 V, and conversion efficiency of 0.55%, measured in air at room temperature under 100 mW/cm2 illuminations in a solar simulator.
References: [1] S. Karan and B. Mallik, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111(45),pp.16734–16741. [2] X. Jiang, F. Chen, H. Xu, L. Yang, W. Qiu, M. Shi, M. Wang, H. Chen, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells , 2010, 94(2), pp. 338-344. [3]A. P. Alivisatos, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100(31), pp. 13226–13239. [4] I. A. López, A. Vázquez, I. Gómez,Revista Mexicana de Física, 2013, 59(2), pp. 160–164. [5] M. Molaei, E. S. Iranizad, M. Marandi, N. Taghavinia, R. Amrollahi, Applied Surface Science, 2011 257(23), pp.9796– 9801.
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